Evolution of MySQL high availability solution: from master-slave replication to InnoDB Cluster architecture

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When talking about MySQL high availability solutions, it has come a long way from the original master-slave replication to the modern InnoDB Cluster architecture. These solutions provide database systems with the ability to maintain availability and durability in the event of hardware or software failures.

1. Master-slave replication

Master-slave replication is one of the main methods used in the early days of MySQL to improve availability and read load balancing. In this architecture, one MySQL instance acts as the master server (Master), responsible for receiving write operations and updating data, while other instances act as slave servers (Slaves), replicating the data of the master server. The master-slave replication architecture is often used for read load balancing and data backup.

In a master-slave replication configuration, the master server records all update operations and writes them to a binary log, while the slave server reads these logs and applies them to its own data.

Basic configuration example of master-slave replication:

 
    -- Host server configuration
    [mysqld]
    server-id = 1
    log-bin = /var/log/[mysql](/search?q=mysql)/mysql-bin.log
    binlog-do-db = your_database_name
    

 
    -- Slave server configuration
    [mysqld]
    server-id = 2
    relay-log = /var/log/mysql/mysql-relay-bin.log
    read-only = 1
    

2. Limitations of master-slave replication

Although master-slave replication provides certain redundancy and read load balancing, it also has some limitations. For example, it is still susceptible to single points of failure and requires manual intervention when failover occurs. In addition, master-slave replication has certain limitations on the scalability of write operations.

3. InnoDB Cluster architecture

InnoDB Cluster is a high-availability solution officially provided by MySQL. It is built on MySQL Group Replication (Group Replication) and MySQL Shell. InnoDB Cluster not only provides automated fault detection and failover functions, but also enables automated data rebalancing and node expansion.

Example of InnoDB Cluster configuration steps:

 
    -- Initialize InnoDB Cluster
    dba.createCluster('myCluster');

 
    -- Adding instances to the cluster
    var cluster = dba.getCluster('myCluster');
    cluster.addInstance({user: 'user', host: 'server2', password: 'password'});
    

4. Advantages of InnoDB Cluster

Compared with traditional master-slave replication, the InnoDB Cluster architecture has obvious advantages. It not only provides automated fault detection and recovery mechanisms, reducing the need for manual intervention, but also supports multi-master writes, thereby providing better scalability of write operations. In addition, InnoDB Cluster can automatically rebalance data and dynamically add and remove nodes, making the entire cluster more flexible and reliable.

Summarize

MySQL's high availability solution has evolved from the original master-slave replication to the modern InnoDB Cluster architecture, providing users with more powerful and automated solutions. The continued evolution of these solutions enables users to better meet growing application needs and data challenges. In practical applications, choosing the right solution based on specific needs and scenarios is crucial to ensuring the availability and stability of the database system.

⭐️ Good book recommendations

"MySQL High Availability Solution - From Master-Slave Replication to InnoDB ClusterArchitecture"

Evolution of MySQL high availability solution: from master-slave replication to InnoDB Cluster architecture

【brief introduction】

This book introduces the high-availability solutions officially provided by MySQL one by one, details the principles, architecture, advantages and disadvantages, and applicable scenarios of each solution, and provides demonstration instructions to help readers quickly understand the relevant content. Different from other books related to MySQL high availability, this book focuses on solutions provided by the official MySQL team, including MySQL master-slave replication , MySQL ReplicaSet, group replication, InnoDB Cluster and InnoDB ClusterSet and other related content. In addition, this book also introduces some parts of MySQL 8.0, including document storage, MySQL Shell and MySQL Router. The appendix introduces official MySQL tools such as enterprise version monitoring and enterprise version backup, as well as cloning plug-ins and virtual machine environment VirtualBox, so that readers can have a more comprehensive understanding of the MySQL ecosystem and tools. Through this book, MySQL database developers, MySQL database managers and architects can understand all of MySQL's current product features and high availability solutions, learn the details of each solution, and be able to flexibly apply high availability solutions to actual situations. in production solution. This book is intended for MySQL beginners, database architects, DBAs, related software developers, and IT leaders within organizations.

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